Causes And Effects Of The Cold War - 1370 Words

Abi Amarnath Mrs. Saunders 12 November 2014 English II Causes and Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn t sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting.†(www.brainyquote.com). An analysis of the Cold War between 1947-1991 reveals that the Cold War was caused by a difference in political ideals between the USA and the Soviet Union, the aftermath of WWII, and the â€Å"Iron Curtain† in Europe. Further analysis reveals the Cold War contributed to many other conflicts, such as the bomb shelter craze in the US, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Korean War. One of the main causes of the Cold War was the difference in political ideals between the democratic US and the communist Soviet Union. The Cold war was, in essence, a war based off of the political differences between the Soviet Union and the US, (Browne). Mutual suspicion had long existed between the West and the USSR, and friction was sometimes manifest in the Grand Alliance du ring World War II.(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In a comment following the test of the first Soviet atomic bomb in 1949, U.S. Representative Carl Durham said â€Å"The American people †¦ must be prepared to sacrifice all sorts of otherwise desirable welfare programs on the domestic front in order to be sure of adequate defenses in the light of this situation.† (Pearson). Fearing the appeal of Communism, President Truman,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Causes and Effects of the Cold War1384 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of the Cold War The Cold War, though never involving any fighting on either side, resulted in one of the biggest scares the U.S. society and government had ever experienced. The Cold War was all in all an extended period of political and military tensions between the United States and our allies in the Western Bloc, and the pre-existing Soviet Union and their allies involved in the Warsaw Pact. If not had been dealt with very carefully, the Cold War would’ve gained a new nameRead MoreConcepts of the Cold War840 Words   |  4 PagesThe technical, sociological and political concepts that arose during the Cold War made a notable difference to the landscape of the next 60 years. Under the atmosphere of impending doom, many novel concepts were conceived that dramatically altered the psyches of generations to come. Mutually Assured Destruction, nuclear winter and the concept of psychological resistance are all good examples of how the Cold War altered the social fabric for years to come. The first, and best remembered, ofRead MoreEssay on Examining the Possible Causes of the Cold War1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the Cold War and how it developed into one of the largest unarmed struggles in history have been subject to much debate and consequently a number of schools of thought have developed as to the origins of the Cold War. These proposed explanations to the causes of the Cold War have consisted of the orthodox, revisionist and post-revisionist theories. Each theory demonstrates a different viewpoint as to how a variety of political, economic and militaristic factors instigated the Cold WarRead MoreBone, Ambria . English 11 B. April 17, 2017. The United1272 Words   |  6 Pageseach other; the Cold War was separated into three groups (Jerylin Watson). The nation’s economy is a very difficult balancing act. Cold War confrontations nearly always conducted through surrogates or economic pressure (David Painter). This is what happened when the tensio ns of the Cold War affected the United States and the world (Robert H. Dugger). The United States became the global consumer of last resort for Germany, Japan, USSR, and China. The Cold War began after World War II which had twoRead MoreBattle Of The Great War956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Great War, WWII, and Cold War are described as one big war or not, for sure, each war theoretically ties together. Although the initial cause of the Great War, 1914-1918 is due to the assassination of the Austrian archduke, who was Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, what makes the Great War tied to WWII is the closure war of the series of peace treaties, and also the bitterness and vengeful soldiers. Nevertheless, there are three big events that tie the Great War, WWII and Cold war togetherRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period of 44 years of both military and political tension after World War II. There were many ideals and events that lead to the Cold War. Nationalism, poor economic conditions, and a strong desire for democracy and human rights are the primary reasons that many believe the Cold War started. Ho wever, these are just a few of the reasons for the Cold War. Events such as the Yalta Conference, Truman Doctrine, Potsdam Conference, and the Marshall Plan also greatly influenced the startRead MoreThe Beginning of the End for the Cold War1228 Words   |  5 Pagespolicies (Regan Doctrine) which concluded the Cold War contest with victory for the west. Kegley believes that by engaging Moscow in an arm race, the Soviet Union was dragged into a competition which exhausted their already fragile economy leading them initially into retrenchment and ultimately out of the contest. (13) Peterson notes the argument of Patrick Glynn that Gorbachev’s radical reforms of perestroika and glasnost which accelerated the demise of Cold War were actually in response to President Regan’sRead MoreEssay on DBQ: Cold War1041 Words   |  5 PagesA war does not necessarily require a physical weapon to fight. From 1947 to 1991, military tension and ideological conflicts held place. Cold Wa r is defined as a state of political hostility existing between countries, characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular. The causes of the cold war between United States and the Soviet Union were the mutual distrust that had taken place in World War II, intense rivalry betweenRead MoreThe Cold War was the perpetual rivalry that took place between the Soviet Union and The United600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cold War was the perpetual rivalry that took place between the Soviet Union and The United States. The war was called the Cold War because no direct fighting took place between America and Russia. Instead, it was a war of words and threats. It was an ideological war based on ideas of communism and capitalism. The war never fully escalated because both powers knew that use of nuclear weapons would be disastrous, although, there was a nuclear arms escalation between both sides. The Truman DoctrineRead M oreThe Cold War and the Economic Decline of the USSR1491 Words   |  6 PagesApart from the two great wars, the Cold War was the most remarkable feature of twentieth century, a period of extreme hostility without actual war. By the end of the Great War, Soviet Union emerged as a powerful revolutionary state that gradually evolved into an empire over the course of following decades. It served as an ideological model for one third of the world and was considered as a secure and stable society by the rest. During this period the world was divided into two distinct blocs, the

Legality of Income Taxes Free Essays

The issue regarding the legality of income tax on labor is really a sensational one that it gets my attention right away from the moment I heard other people saying that it is not included in the bounds of our constitution the imposition of the said taxation. In order to verify this claim, I made my own study regarding the legality of the said taxation scheme and I found out that there is no statement on our constitution or in the Internal Revenue Code stating that we are required to pay an income tax from our labor. Therefore, what is the basis of the government officials for charging us income taxes on labor if there is no single statement on our constitution that would supplement the said taxation schemes? With this, I may say, that income tax on labor is illegal for there is no statement in our constitution or even in the Internal Revenue Code saying that we have to pay for our labor. We will write a custom essay sample on Legality of Income Taxes or any similar topic only for you Order Now With my position stated above, let me first further elaborate my arguments. According to our constitution, there are only two types of income that is being imposed by our government and they are the direct and indirect income taxes (â€Å"Chapter 1: Constitutional Taxation.† 1). Direct taxes include income taxes on wages and salaries of the citizens. Therefore, income tax on labor is not included in the direct taxes. Moreover, the term â€Å"indirect tax† was not used in the constitution but rather â€Å"any tax that is not direct†. But this â€Å"any tax that is not direct† includes Duties, Imposts and Excises. Once again, income tax on labor is not included into this type of income tax. Either of the said two types of income tax did not even give any possibility that income tax on labor is included into at least one of them. There are really income taxes that are of malicious in nature and that most of us could help but to doubt the credibility of the said tax scheme. As said by Edwin R.A. Seligman, the Supreme Court of the United States has thus held that certain kinds of income taxes are indirect, that certain other kinds of income taxes are direct, and that still other kinds of income taxes are invalid, irrespective of whether they are direct or indirect (2). As for the Internal Revenue Code, there is also vagueness in the definition of what â€Å"income† is. Although it has been cited in the definitions of terms in Title 26 of the Internal Revenue Code, but none of them define the meaning of the term â€Å"income†. On the other hand, there are some legal cases that give their own definition of income as applicable to their situation and period. Like for example the case between Staples and US wherein they define income as tantamount to gain which could also coined as profit based from the 16th Amendment and the Revenue Acts. They made a â€Å"default† definition of income based from the 16th Amendment and Revenue Acts for the purpose of their legal case. Another definition of the term â€Å"income† as based from legal cases would be the case between Conner and the U.S. as well as the case of Oliver and Halstead wherein they made a clarification regarding the difference between profit and wages. It is said that wages cannot be considered as profit within the bounds of law for profit means gains from investment or from business operation (â€Å"What is ‘income’?† 4). Economically, income taxes are being used in order to generate funds to finance the projects and other functions of our government. Without these taxes, there would be no public schools, public hospitals as well as roads and other infrastructures that are of very important towards the attainment of impressive growth for the economy (Moffat 1). Like for instance, the construction of roads which are important for transporting goods from far flung states going to cities and other market areas. Without this roads, transportation costs of producer’s increases and so with the prices of their products. But the question is, are all of the taxes that were paid by the tax payers really go to financing the said functions of the government? According to Grace Commission Report, there are a lot of ways by which tax payers could save around $420 billion over three years without increasing the taxes being collected to them. Moreover, Grace told President Reagan that 1/3 of the taxes that were collected are being wasted and another third are not collected and the remaining third that the government could received are entirely absorbed by the Federal Debt and by Federal Government contributions to transfer payments (â€Å"The people’s income tax guide: Where do your taxes go?† 1). In short, there is no single cent that goes to the funding of government’s functions to the state. The government gets its funds from loans from the IMF. Moreover, the funds being used for schools came from property taxes; funds for roads and bridges came from gas taxes while user fees funds airports, sewer and water systems. In this regard, based from our constitution and from the report of Grace Commission, income tax on labor is illegal since it is not stated in our constitution or any of our laws and to make things worst, the income tax on labor that were collected did no serve it purpose which are being expected by the tax payers to the government. Works Cited â€Å"The people’s income tax guide: Where do your taxes go?† 2003. Truth in Taxation.US. 19 October 2007 http://truthintaxation.us/?tax_inform=whereTaxesGo â€Å"Chapter 1: Constitutional Taxation.† 2000. Constitutionalincome.com. 19 October 2007 â€Å"What is ‘income’?† June 2007. Outraged.chatblogs.com. 19 October 2007 Moffat, Mike. â€Å"The Effect of Income Taxes on Economic Growth.† 2007. 19 October 2007 http://economics.about.com/cs/taxpolicy/a/taxing_growth.htm Seligman, Edwin R.A. â€Å"The Income Tax Amendment.† 1910. Political Science Quarterly 193, 197. 19 October 2007. How to cite Legality of Income Taxes, Essay examples

Erendira Directed by Ray Guerra Essay Example For Students

Erendira Directed by Ray Guerra Essay In the film Erendira directed by Ray Guerra is based on a book by Garcia Marquez. This film is about a young girl named Erendira who is forced to become a prostitute by her grandmother because she accidently burns their house on fire and she has to repay her debt to her grandmother. Erendira and her grandmother travel place to place to attract more customers. One day while she was working a young boy named Ulysses, one of her clients, feel in love with her. He loved her so much he was willing to help free Erendira from her grandmother. The only way to free Erendira was to kill her grandmother. Erendira convinced Ulysses to try and kill her grandmother, with two attempts that failed he tried one last attempt that was to stab her while she sleep and was successful. After Ulysses kills the grandmother, Erendira runs away to the dessert leaving Ulysses alone with murder on his hands. Erendira is a prisoner of her grandmother because her grandmother is the only person she has, she has to repay the damages from the house, and her mind is already use to prostitution. Erendira only family member is her grandmother. Throughout the entire movie it only shows that her grandmother is the only relative. This gives a sense that Erendira has nowhere to go. In her mind she thinks that it her grandmother is still family and I can’t leave her even thought her grandmother force her into prostitution. This is how girls feel in the article Girls4Sale. â€Å"Another pimp saw her alone, shivering in the cold, and picked her up-an older, charismatic guy who flirted, told her she was being mistreated, and said exactly what she needed to hear, â€Å"He told me, ‘I will take care of you. You’ll always have a place to live,’† she says. †(Marie Claire Report) This relates to Erendira because these girls are trapped with nowhere to go but to pimps because they will take care of them and protect them. Erendira stayed with her grandmother because she knew she was going to be safe because she is family. Erendira situation all started because she forgot to blow out one of the candles in the house her and her grandmother lived in. She was exhausted because she had been doing choirs all day and fell to sleep realizing that she had left the candle on which burned the entire house. Erendira was forced by her grandmother to prostitution to repay her for the house. â€Å"She learned from other girls that it was in her best interest to choose a pimp (even though it would cost her expensive $1,000 â€Å"choosing fee†). †(Marie Claire Report) This still relates to Erendira is some way because the prostitutes in the article are working for a pimp for protection and selling their bodies like Erendira did. Erendira sold her body because she needed the money to repay the grandmother. She knew she didn’t have anything so the grandmother took advantage so sell Erendira’s body was the only way. In the film Erendira began to travel with her grandmother place to place so men could enjoy her service. She had all sort of men line up one day but Erendira told her grandmother she could handle it anymore that she felt sick and that she was dying. Her grandmother told the men to come back another day when Erendira feels better. The next day they travel to the next town when they got stopped by monks who took Erendira away from her grandmother. The monks kept her till she was 18. When she turned 18 every girl at the church would have to get married with a guy that wanted to get married they would offer five pesos for each girl. .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .postImageUrl , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:hover , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:visited , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:active { border:0!important; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:active , .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5 .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf158aca791c4518659751e5ca1e32aa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Brokeback Mountain in Our Hearts EssayWhen she was going to get married to the guy she refused and said I want to go back with my grandmother. â€Å"Although Powell was disappointed that the girl didn’t want help, she’s accustomed to that-about 40 percent of the time, she says, the girls she reaches out to choose not to leave their pimps. â€Å"Sometimes they’re not ready,† Powel says. â€Å"I just want every girl to be given the chance to get out. †Ã¢â‚¬ (Marie Claire Report) The prostitutes weren’t ready to leave their pimps because they are scared to leave them because that’s the lifestyle they know. Erendira was the same she didn’t want to leave her grandmother because that the only thing she knew was to be with her grandmother and be a prostitute. Erendira wasn’t a prisoner if you look at decision she chose. She could have gotten married and went with the guy after the church but decided to return to her grandmother. However, who knows how it would turn out to be with the guy he could have beaten her or would have been poor and not have food or shelter. With her grandmother she had shelter, food and well protection from her grandmother because Erendira was basically her property. Erendira was stuck with her grandmother. She could leave her for anything she was force to be with her. Even when her grandmother forced her to prostitution she still stayed when she had choices to leave but she was a prisoner in her own mind. The Erendira is just a film but there is actual real life cases of sex trafficking. All around the world women are forced into prostitution to pay debts, have no income, or being threaten. Prostitution is a big problem in Erendira’s life but its also a problem in the real world.

Unit G Psychology free essay sample

Glucose is: A. the hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior. B. the neurotransmitter that promotes satiation and produces feelings of fullness as you eat. C. also called the hunger hormone because its presence in the lining of the stomach strongly stimulates appetite. *D. also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body. 2. Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslows theory of motivation? A. Maslows initial studies on self-actualization were based on limited samples and often relied on the life stories of acquaintances, and biographies and autobiographies of historical figures he selected. B. The concept of self-actualization is vague and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested. C. Despite the claim that that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit G Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * D. Because of Maslows influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people. 3. Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response. A. motivation *B. emotion C. self-efficacy D. anthropomorphism 4. Which of the following lists the correct sequence of sleep stages during the first 90 minutes of sleep? * A. stage 1 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 4 NREM, REM sleep B. REM sleep, stage 4 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 1 NREM C. stage 1 REM, stage 2 REM, stage 3 REM, stage 4 REM, NREM D. wakefulness, drowsiness, dreaming, deep sleep, paradoxical sleep 5. Sleep restriction studies have shown that: A. research participants adapted to the four-hour-per-night sleep schedule by the end of the first week and showed no cognitive or physical impairments over the course of the experiments. B. there were some beneficial effects in terms of memory consolidation, reaction time, and immune system functioning. * C. mmune system functioning, concentration, vigilance, reaction time, memory skills, and ability to gauge risk were all diminished. D. there is no evidence to support the notion that REM and NREM sleep deprivation result in REM and NREM rebound effects. 6. Sleepwalking and sleep terrors are _______ that tend to occur in _______. *A. parasomnias; stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep B. parasomnias; REM sleep C. dyssomnias; stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep D. dyssom nias; REM sleep 7. Which of the following is an example of a parasomnia? A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. obstructive sleep apnea *D. leep-related eating disorder (SRED) 8. Scientists found that diminished levels of a special class of neurotransmitter called hypocretins, which are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, have been implicated in a sleep disorder called _______. * A. narcolepsy B. obstructive sleep apnea C. sexsomnia D. somnambulism 9. Heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, and nicotine are all addictive drugs that increase levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain? A. serotonin B. melatonin C. norepinephrine * D. dopamine 10. Caffeine: * A. is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. B. gets its stimulant effect by promoting the release of adenosine in the brians prefrontal cortex. C. gets its stimulant effect by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. D. is the most widely used non-physically addictive drug in the world. 11. Which of the following is a derivative of opium? A. mescaline B. Oxycontin C. psilocybin * D. codeine 12. According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs. A. incentive * B. drive C. humanistic D. instinct 13. According to the _____ theory of emotion, your subjective emotional experience is the direct result of physical changes in your body. *A. James-Lange B. cognitive-appraisal C. self-determination D. Schachter-Singer two-factor 14. Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise comprise the list that Paul Ekman calls: A. the facial code. B. facial movements. C. the primary code. * D. primary affects. 15. When people mask an emotion: A. it is impossible to detect their true emotion. *B. the true emotion flashes on their face before they compose their face. C. the true emotion can be read in their eyes. D. their facial muscles always twitch. 16. How do Psychoactive drugs work? -once in our bloodstream, psychoactive drugs influence our behavior by altering the functioning of the central nervous system in some way. 17. What is anger? What features does anger share with other emotions? Anger is an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage, Like other emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes; when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as do the levels of your energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. 8. Define dyssomnia- A general term used to describe any sleeping condition where a person has trouble either getting to sleep or staying asleep. 19. Define parasomnia- A category of sleep disorders in which abnormal events occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking or talking; due to inappropriately timed activation of physiological systems. 20. Define hypnosis- An artificially induced trance st ate resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion.

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons By Mark Nichol Semicolons, used to separate two independent clauses or two or more words and/or phrases in a list when at least one phrase is itself a list whose items are separated by commas, are sometimes erroneously employed when those conditions do not exist. Here are three such sentences, each followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments; adds extraterritorial scope; and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation. A long sentence that lists several things with extended phrasing does not merit semicolons; commas are sufficient the separate the elements: â€Å"The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments, adds extraterritorial scope, and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation.† 2. The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations; position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise; and enable organizations to become more anticipatory. This sentence does not require semicolons, either- â€Å"rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise† is clearly parenthetical to the second item, not part of a list within a list: â€Å"The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations, position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise, and enable organizations to become more anticipatory.† (Notice how each item begins with a verb, signaling a clear syntactical structure.) 3. Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines; virtual reality; mobile technologies; cloud computing; social business; and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change. Only one item in this list itself consists of a list, and it is the last item, so no confusion about the organization of the sentence is likely: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, social business, and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† An alternative is to set the final item apart from the others: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, and social business, as well as smart grids, factories, and cities, in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† This version also avoids the cluttered look of a semicolon-laden sentence, though it makes the sentence slightly more complex. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

6 Traits of Writing - Using the Model in the Classroom

6 Traits of Writing - Using the Model in the Classroom Help your students develop good writing skills by implementing the six traits of writing model into your classroom. What are the Six Traits of Writing? The six traits of writing have 6 key characteristics that define quality writing, they are: IdeasOrganizationVoiceWord ChoiceSentence FluencyConventions Ideas This component focuses on the main idea and content of the piece. The writer chooses details that are informative and not necessarily details that the reader already knows. (The grass is green, the sky is blue.) Objective Awareness of detailsKnowing what is importantA good sense of the main point Activities Use photographs during activities and ask students to describe what happened in each photo.Write (science, math) class predictions in a notebook and reflect upon them.Read a poem and have students write about a  real-life  connection that they have to the poem. Questions to Ask Yourself What is my message?Is my message clear?Did I include details? Organization This trait requires that the piece fits in with the central idea. The organizational structure needs to follow a pattern such as chronological order, comparison/contrast, or any other logical pattern. The writer needs to make strong connections to keep the readers interest. Objective A sense of sequence,  beginning and endingAbility to organize Activities Take a piece of the students writing and cut it into chunks and have the students piece it back together in order.Jumble a list of directions and have the students arrange them in order.Read a few books to the children and use a  graphic organizer  to compare and contrast them. Questions to Ask Yourself Was the piece I wrote in order?How does my paper start?How does my paper end? Voice This trait refers to the style of the writer. The voice is where the writer imparts his/her personal tone to the piece while still fitting in with the genre of the piece. Objective IndividualityPassionFeelings Activities Read a variety of childrens literature and have students try to identify the author.Compare the voice in fiction and nonfiction books.Have students write a piece about their favorite subject in school. When they are finished, have them read their piece to the class and see if the students can identify who wrote the piece. Questions to Ask Yourself Does it sound like me?Does the reader understand how I feel?Does my writing shine? Word Choice Word choice requires that the writer choose his/her words very carefully. The writer should enlighten the reader by choosing strong words that clarify or expand the idea. Objective Awareness of languageAwareness of different words Activities Keep a word wall.Brainstorm a list of words and list the better word to use.Make a word spinner and add new words to replace common words. Questions to Ask Yourself Do my words paint a picture?Do I use words that are appealing?Is every word that I use important? Sentence Fluency This trait requires that sentences flow naturally and smoothly. Fluent writing has rhythm and is free of awkward word patterns. Objective Awareness that the sentence makes senseRhythm Activities Write an  acrostic poem  using the  students  name.Write a half sentence and have the students complete it.Rewrite popular poems. Questions to Ask Yourself Did my sentences start differently?Is my paper easy to read aloud?Did I use complete sentences? Conventions This trait focuses on the correctness of the piece (spelling, grammar, punctuation). Objective Awareness of conventionsPatience to look backExperiment with writing Activities Answer questions in journals with conventional words in response to answering them phonetically.Use peer partners to correct spelling and punctuation.Use  mini-lessons  to teach conventions. Questions to Ask Yourself Did I use a title?Did I capitalize the correct letters?Did I check spelling? Source: Education North West

Barriers that will inhibit my success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Barriers that will inhibit my success - Essay Example I lack strict time management. This is an issue since my understanding capabilities are highest in the morning. On several occasions, I have postponed revising for assessment tests scheduled for noon the next day with the promise that I would rise up early and revise accordingly. However, I have ended up frustrating myself by waking up late the next morning and ended up performing poorly in the tests. Additionally, postponing is a dreadful habit that I need to eliminate for my educational goals to remain valid. Poor financial planning will also hamper the attainment of my educational goals. I would say that I am good at saving money whenever I have some, but I am very poor at prioritizing school needs (Myers 74). Consequently, I end up using my money to purchase items out of peer pressure even when the money is sufficient to visit a library or I need little more to buy a useful

Government Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Government Systems - Essay Example The parliamentary system as developed and used in Great Britain is more graphically called the Cabinet government. This conveniently describes the fact that the cabinet is usually known as the Government. More completely described, however, the government in this system is composed of the Cabinet, as the executive organ; and the parliament as the legislature. These two bodies do not form separate departments. They are fused together and are dependent upon each other in the performance of the principal governmental functions. The reality of the system is that politics play a dominant role in its actual working. The party leader does not only automatically become the Prime Minister but much legislation happens within the party caucus presided over by the Prime Minister. It is here where debates among the members of the ruling party are common. But once a consensus is developed the result will become the united stand of the majority party in the parliament. So, if there is any debate in Parliament during the discussion of legislative proposals it is only between the ruling Members of Parliament and the Members of the opposition. (Mckay, 291) This Shadow Cabinet or Shadow Minister is the counter part of the government. In debates and during question hour, the Shadow Prime Minister and Ministers are the ones engaged and egged on the Prime Minister and his Ministers. For the Parliamentary System to succeed there must be a strong opposition party. A strong opposition attracts men and women of equal competence, brilliance and expertise. In the event that it wins a majority in the Parliamentary election it is immediately ready to form a government of qualified persons thereby avoiding a lengthy interregnum in the formation and implementation of national policies. For this reason, every opposition party has made it a practice to name their respective ministers even before it smells victory in the polls. These prospective Ministers constitute what is popularly called the Shadow Government which is actually a Government established by the opposition in the Parliament. The question hour is a unique feature of the Parliamentary system. It is an effective tool in scrutinizing proposed measures and past and current acts of the Prime Minister and his Ministers. For all its merits, it is only a useful tool of democracy if there is a well-organized opposition with a Shadow Cabinet, for the questions and the answers are usually between the Prime Minister and his Shadow Cabinet. Among the members of the majority party, their differences are usually and by practice threshed out in a part caucus prior to the session of Parliament. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Although it has no written constitution, the Constitution Act 1986 is the principal formal statement of New Zealand's constitutional structure. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and is titled Queen of New Zealand under the Royal Titles Act (1953). She is represented by the Governor-General, currently Anand

Intraorganizational Conflicts Essay Example for Free

Intraorganizational Conflicts Essay In the discourse about the assessment and management of intraorganizational conflict within an organization, Jessica Katz Jameson underscores the various facets of these conflicts. These include the sources of conflict, their characteristics, the management strategies and the desired outcomes. However, of interest here is how the author characterizes the sources of these conflicts. In this presentation, an attempt to unveil the characterization of the sources of conflict without examining the attributes and the form taken by the conflicts is an effort in futility. According to Jameson (1999), conflicts arise when interdependent parties have very unlike and incompatible mindsets and interests. Intraorganizational conflicts take different forms depending on the source Sources of Informal Conflicts. Informal conflicts take the form of informal arguments or differences in points of view and opinions between co-workers, employees and supervisors, between factions within an organization or even interdepartmental Conflicts. Informal conflicts occur mainly due to differing values, beliefs, opinions as well as perception regarding to how work should be accomplished (Jameson 1999). Shapiro and Rosen (as cited in Jameson, 1999) further categorized informal conflicts as those whose sources are relational differences and those that arise from differences in opinions as to how tasks ought to be carried out. Relational differences include personal differences between members of an organization or differences in opinion regarding to leadership style. Task conflict on the hand has to do with differences in matters regarding to authority and/or responsibilities as well as differences in perception and interpretation various issues. Others[1] have utilized words such as subjective conflicts and objective conflicts in trying to categorize various forms of conflicts. Sources of formal conflicts. Formal conflicts are of a different dimension. They are characterized by formal complaints about such issues as: Contravention of human rights within an organization or policy violations. In several instances, formal conflicts result in legal action usually by an employee against an organization. Formal conflicts occur due to issues regarding to dismissal, benefits, absentee policies, safety standards, discrimination, rules and regulations of work and promotions. Employees feel that they are not being treated fairly. Formal conflicts have been a subject of much interest in recent times due to the rising number of costly court cases between the employees and organizations. Question 2. Is it important or necessary in an organization to understand the sources of conflict within an organization, as we have an autocratic structure that can impose a resolution? Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization is important because of the following reasons: a) It can help in unearthing potential conflicts before they happen. Usually conflicts do not just happen but follow a distinct pattern that can be detected by knowledgeable persons. Early detection would allow for action that would ensure that the conflict never gets out of hand. This would result in saving the parties involved time money and misery. b) It assists the disputants, managers and third parties involved in selecting the most suitable method of resolving particular conflicts. An imposed resolution may serve an important purpose in a conflict resolution but may fail to achieve the most satisfying solution for the parties involved. There are differing concerns and interests that form the conflict resolution goals for the parties and these have to be put into consideration when seeking a resolution strategy. Some of these interests include: Cost reduction, timeliness, privacy and confidentiality, fairness, maintaining relations and establishing a precedent. These concerns may not be adequately addressed if a resolution has to come from an autocratic authority with an own interest and concern. c) Autocratic Structure of conflict resolution would be of little use in formal conflicts that are likely to result in litigation. Litigation is an undesired outcome due to the costs incurred by either party (time and money); especially depending on the way the judgment goes. Litigation has served to increase the need for dispute systems within organizations. d)Â   Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization assists in the development of effective organizational conflict management. This creates a conducive work environment and reduces work related stress. This would in turn have a positive effect on employee satisfaction and productivity. Understanding sources of conflict should thus be a goal that is pursued by all members within an organization.

interstellar pig :: essays research papers

Interstellar Pig :Funky Stuff by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outrageously the most entertainingly fiction but yet real life book that I have ever read. This book was outstandingly filled with mysteries and packed with entertainment for the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Barney, a teenage boy, and his parents rent a summer cabin on one of California’s beaches. They realize that their neighbors wanted this cabin very much but Barney and his parents ended up getting it. When Barney meets his neighbors he thinks that they are a little bit weird but his parents don’t think that they are too bad of people in fact they sort of like them. His neighbors also have a very strange game they play that’s called Interstellar Pig it is a very strange game. Their neighbors are about in their mid-twenties there is one girl, Zena, and two boys, Joe and Manny. Barney finds out that these neighbors wanted his house because there is some hidden secret in it ,which Barney doesn’t have a clue what it is but one day finds out about a little, well big, drawing that points to an island off of one of the coasts by his house about one or two miles away. When his neighbors find out about this they want to go there right away but wi thout Barney, but does Barney go, what do they find at this island, what happens after they find out what’s there? And what happens with this weird game they play?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The characters picked for this book couldn’t have been better. Their descriptions and everything else fit so perfectly. I don’t think anything could have fit better. William Sleator did a wonderful job of writing this book. He just fit everything including the characters in very well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I first got this book from the library I did it because I had about ten seconds left in my study hall and needed a book for English class so I just grabbed it off of the wall. My first intentions where what kind of stupid book is this by just looking at the cover but about two chapters into it I really got into it and liked it.

Job Analysis and Selection Methods Essay

For this method to be effective the interviewer is required to ensure the interviee fully understands the reasons for the interview to avoid such interviews to be viewed as efficiency evaluation which may hinder them to describe their job accurately. The method can be utilized efficiently for top management job analysis for example the position of the managing director of a company. This would enable acquisition of vital information such as general purpose of the job, responsibilities, duties, education, experience and skills required. (Henderson, 1985) Advantages * It’s simple and quick hence it’s the most used method in the world. * It can reveal important information that might not appear in written form and information on activities that does not occur occasionally. It provides a chance for the interviewer to explain the importance, need and functions of the job analysis. * Can be used to generate qualitative data. * Suitable for jobs with long job cycles. (office of human resources, 2008) Disadvantages * Employees may distort information by exaggerating certain responsibilities and minimizing others. * Sometimes to obtain valid information can be a very slow slow and time consuming * Experienced interviewers and properly designed questions are required. Data gathered by the process is subjective and requires to be verified. * Combining data from discreet interviews is sometimes difficult. (office of human resources, 2008) STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD This method involves designing questionnaire and having employees fill them to describe their job related duties and responsibilities and rate them. Questions can be structured and employees given a list of specific duties and asked to indicate whether or not they perform them. Questions could also be open ended. The method can be used efficiently for job analysis involving low level management posts and junior employees for instance office assistants and semi skilled employees. This could offer a quick way to gather information from such large group of employees. (Henderson, 1985) Advantages * It’s a cheap way to gather information from a large numbers of workers than interview for instance. * Its quick and efficient method. * It does not require a trained interviewer. * Data collected is standardized. Disadvantages * Questionnaire development and testing is both expensive and time consuming. This provides quality and instant feedback on descriptive information of a candidate such as their strengths and weaknesses. Applicants are also given work sample which is a replica of the job and are required to demonstrate that possess the necessary skills and talents by doing the actual job. This offers a good evaluation of applicant’s abilities in actual job activities and thus helps to reduce discrimination. (Patrick Hauenstein, 2005) Weaknesses To develop good and accurate work samples for each job is difficult and time consuming. Work samples are also difficult to apply in managerial posts where it’s not possible to develop a work sample that can cover all activities. The process also requires highly qualified and assessors which are expensive to maintain. (Patrick Hauenstein, 2005) Validity Employment tests has been extensively used and shown to be an accurate method to predict a candidate success. The method is also very relevant to the job at hand and therefore widely accepted as compared to other methods. (Patrick Hauenstein, 2005) Reliability Employment tests are a reliable way of obtaining vital information about applicant’s abilities, and skills in actual job environment. They therefore tend to be accurate predictors of applicant later performance (Patrick Hauenstein, 2005) * REFERENCES Henderson, R. J. (1985). Compensation Management: Rewarding Performance. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Prentice Hall. office of human resources. (2008). Compensation & Classification. South 2nd Street, Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota. Patrick Hauenstein. (2005). Employee Selection: Part 2 – Interviews and Simulations. Navient Corporation.

Courage Under Fire

The film â€Å"Courage Under Fire† tackles ethical issues and moral dilemmas. Here an officer during the course of his investigation, searches for the truth in the different accounts regarding a Desert Storm mission while struggling with his own demons. Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles espouses three main merits in a leader; Duty, Respect and Integrity. In the film, the characters display such characteristics under different circumstances.Perhaps one of the main principles that can be observed in the film is the choice of the two key characters to choose the difficult right over the easy wrong. Rather than leave their crash site in the middle of night, where darkness will provide them good cover and a good chance to escape safely, Captain Karen Walden did otherwise for the sake of her injured co-pilot. She took into consideration the safety of all the members of her team and tried to save what could be saved. When Monfriez tried to stage a mutiny to push the team to escape, Cpt.Walden asserted herself; demonstrating her prowess as a capable leader, who earlier in the day effectively put to use all their available resources to assemble a make-shift fort to keep them safe and make good use of their ammunition until rescue arrives. As for Colonel Nat Serling, he accepted full responsibility of his actions and their consequences during the attack which took the life of his closest friend. Though there was visible stress after he realized his action, it was brief and he rallied his men to finish the mission.His decisions and his alertness during the event prevented major loss in their part. In the Monfriez’s false account, his description of Capt. Walden was of characters contradictory to those of the values and principles mentioned above. This characterization devoid of notions of integrity, respect and duty produces a person unfit for such a job that required leadership and proficiency. Along with demonstrating the leadership principles and values, the characters also perform actions that they consider fitting in their given situations.To arrive at these actions, they relied on their own capacities rather than waiting for the orders of outside forces; like what Colonel Serling did when he ordered the tanks to turn on their lights to distinguish their own forces from that of the enemies’. Though command was asking him to relay the conditions, he preferred not to focus on the question and proceeded to give orders based on his analysis of the situation. Amidst pressure Capt. Walden stood by her decision, having confidence in her capabilities.Her ability to translate her bravery into actions and also her leadership skills to the men, resorting only to drastic measures when circumstances call for it, display her influence over the people around her. This influence should not be interpreted as something overbearing; the abilities of Walden and Serling to communicate their desires and convince others to do it, suc h as General Hershberg agreeing to extensions and allowing Serling time to explain and Capt. Walden’s command over her troops, are qualities of good and effective leaders.Only when it is abused or used incorrectly does it become overbearing and unbecoming of a good leader. However, the feedback they get as people with position are not the same. A hint of gender bias appears in the film; Walden was the first woman to be awarded a medal already handed to numerous men, such a ruckus was made in the decision to do so stemming from existing ideals that as Eagly et al. states; â€Å"in explicit leadership roles, women tend to be viewed less positively than men (qtd. in Unger 253), and Monfriez weakens Walden’s character by emphasizing on her emotional attributes.While Serling kept on with the mission even though Boylar had died, Walden chose to remain in the site for her injured co-pilot. This might be attributed to differences in leadership due to dispositions but other co ntrasting elements should also be taken into account. While the tank has been confirmed hit, thus its crew dead, Walden’s co-pilot was still alive and as a leader bound by moral duties, Walden chose to stay. Steven Covey in his foreword to Greenleaf, Spears and Covey’s (4) book, wrote that â€Å"†¦the essential quality that sets servant-leaders apart from others is that they live by their conscience- the inward moral sense of what is right and what is wrongâ€Å". Though not directly, the conscience that exists in member-oriented leaders is a factor of moral courage which according to Hildreth (96) â€Å"consists in enduring, through the force of the moral sentiment, those numerous pains which spring from the malevolence of others to whom our conduct gives offence; particularly those pains which we are subject through the sentiment of self-comparison, pains of obloquy, mortification, and disgrace†.Aside from conscience, moral courage is similar to other f acets of ethical leadership such as â€Å"judicious use of incentives, astute ordering of priorities and allocating resources where they count the most† (Greenleaf, Spears and Covey’s 73). Both these values can be observed in the key characters. Courage Under Fire not only showed the bravery of its characters in the field of battle but in the midst of people and their peers as well.It is in this film several embodiments of leadership virtues can be seen and perhaps learned by those who choose to watch this. Courage Under Fire. Dir. Edward Zwick. Perf. Denzel Washington, Meg Ryan, Lou Diamond Phillips, Matt Damon. 1996. DVD. 20th Century Fox, 2000. Greenleaf, Robert K. , Spears, Larry C. , & Stephen R. Covey. Servant leadership: a journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. 25th ed. New Jersey: Paulist Press.2002. Hildreth, Richard. Theory of Morals: An Inquiry Concerning the Law of Moral Distinctions and the Variations and Contradictions of Ethical Codes . Boston: Published by C. C. Little & J. Brown. 1844. Unger, Rhoda. Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. 2004. â€Å"Values and Principles. † fireleadership. gov. 3 June 2009. < http://www. fireleadership. gov/ values_principles. html>

buy custom Community Health Assessment essay

buy custom Community Health Assessment essay The community of Flatbush has experienced many challenges in relation to the health of its residents. The diversity of the community in Flatbush presents different health challenges as a result of diverse cultures and beliefs. In carrying out this community assessment I applied the framework of community as a partner model that was developed by Betty Neuman. It consists of studying the aspects of the community and the different lines of prevention. This categorizes the community core, the community subsystems and perceptions. This model looks at the three lines of defence for the community and the nursing functions as the necessary components in the well being of a community. The challenges to the well being of the community are identified using this model and proper care system is proposed to the people in the town. There is evidence that the community is not well informed about the positive health practices; hence I would attribute the health challenges being faced by the community of Flatbush to the lack of education on health issues and proper health policies by the Government. Good health education is primary to good health care as well as a good health care system assures citizens of good health care (Kongstvedt,2003). Community Core Flatbush is a community of the Borough of Brooklyn which is part of New York City. It is mostly inhabited by foreigners and this means that it has a diverse culture since its residents a mainly from neighbouring countries and also overseas. The youths are the largest age group followed by the Adults and the children below the age of sixteen then the old aged. Most of the people in Flatbush are immigrants from different countries hence the diverse nature of the community. It has a population of approximately 316, 700 residents. It can be translates to 82,161 people per square mile. Most of the population lives above poverty levels. The population has both working class and middles class residents and the housing features are apartment buildings in rows. It is recorded that out of the 316,700 residents of Flatbush 28 percent are in the age bracket of zero to seventeen years and the largest being those between the ages of twenty five to forty four years. They represent thirty percent of the Flatbush population. Those in the age of forty five to sixty four are twenty two prcent of the total population and the age group of sixty five and above are only nine percent. Seventy seven percent of Flatbush residents are black followed by nine percent which is representing the whites and the Hispanic who are also nine percent. The other races are Asians who are only two percent and others representing the three percent. This brings us to the point that fifty one percent of the Flatbush community residents were born outside the United States. Most of the residents of Flatbush who are above twenty five years have completed some college and poverty levels are not so high. The community is Christian mostly and there are establishments of Adventist church and redeemed churches. There is also the Orthodox Jewish community (NYC health, 2003). This short analysis of the community of Flatbush translates a picture of a highly youthful population that is educated and having a fun loving lifestyle. This can be the best explanation of the high levels of Sexually Transmitted Infections that have been recorded by the Bureau of Sexually Transmitted Diseases control department. The number of people who are contracting these diseases is on the rise and it is at an alarming rate (NYC health, 2003). The assessment also revealed a problem of access to prenatal care by pregnant women. This has led to the birth of babies who are having low birth weight. The results of babies who are born with low birth weight are the persistent problems they experience during their childhood for example Asthma. The health of children is one of the most delicate areas in the medical practice. The children in Flatbush face many health problems and dangers. For example lead poisoning. It is a major concern for many practitioners and it affects the physical development of the child and may have an effect on the child all through his or her life. The need to improve the well being of children should be a priority since they cannot decide for themselves. Immunizations programmes conducted in Flatbush are not extensive; that is the services do not reach many children. This leaves many more not able to access the very important immunizations. This leaves them vulnerable and heir health is totally at risk ( NYC health, 2003). The assessment also found out that a big population of Flatbush adults were obese. Since more than half of the population was not involved in physical activity of anny form it is apparent that this was likely to cause heart problems in the long run and also there were notable cases of cancer. Tobacco was cited as one of the substances that were over used in Flatbush. The continuous use of Tobacco results to cancer. The high death rates recorded in Flatbush were as a result of heart diseases. This was an indication that more adults were dying as a result of problems that could be avoided (McGoy, 2004). The assessment was an eye opener to the loopholes in the health care system. They are posing a great danger to the residents of Flatbush by exposing them to imminent dangers and health problems and forcing them to budget more on health. Hiv/Aids are recorded to be low whereas Substance abuse is average. Alcohol consumption is also on the rise. This may be the possible cause of the rise in obese cases. Other ailments are not considered to be a problem since they are quite recorded in low levels. The environmental quality does not affect the residents health that much. There are low levels of pollution (McGoy, 2004). The community deaths are mostly caused by cancer, heart disease but many people die below the age of seventy five years. This is considered premature death. It can be attributed to the behavioural health of the community for example tobacco smoking, lack of regular physical activities to keep the body healthy and many more health problems. Cancer claims nineteen percent of the deaths where ad heart disease claims sixteen percent. Other factors such as crime, accidents, homicides and other diseases in general claim about thirty eight percent while prenatal conditions and Hiv/Aids related cases claim eight and ten percent respectively (NYC health, 2003). An analysis of the health challenges that the residents of Flatbush face, it is evident that it is possible to either reduce the levels of the health problems to a minimal rate or completely eradicate these problems. The tools that were used in the analysis were: A set of questionnaires were provided to a given number of the residents of Flatbush. The questions answered were a source of information Focus groups were also formed in order to get information from a broad perspective. Information was also from the department of health and community health profile magazine. Buy custom Community Health Assessment essay

Aptitude In Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay

Aptitude In Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay In second language learning, motivation, attitude and aptitude relate closely to each other. It influences the learner and therefore dominates the particular individual motivation towards learning the target language. In casual observations in our daily life reveal to us that some people learn a foreign language easier, faster or better than others do (Grigorenko, Sternberg ‘integrative’ and ‘instrumental’ attitude to language learning. An integrative attitude is a desire to know and become friendly with speakers of a language, whereas an instrumental one is a desire to better oneself materially by means of the language. He adds, â€Å"an integrative attitude is more likely to lead to success than an instrumental one†. Brown (1994: 168), in his great work ‘Principles of Language Learning and Teaching’ adds: â€Å"Attitudes, like all aspects of the development of cognition and affect in human beings, develop early in childhood and are t he result of parent’s and peer’s attitudes, contact with people who are different in any number of ways, and interacting affective factors in the human experience†. Here it seems clear that there are many stimulants lead to positive or negative attitude of an individual. Nevertheless attitude can be simply defined as a set of beliefs developed in a due course of time in a given socio-cultural setting. Although it does not necessarily determine behavior but can have some impact on it. Chamber (1999) asserts that learning occurs more easily, when the learner has a positive attitude towards the language and learning. Gardner and Lambert (1972) in their extensive studies give evidence that positive attitudes toward language enhance proficiency as well. Language attitude studies explore how people react to language interactions and how they evaluate others based on the language behavior they observe. Language learning is affected by the attitude and motivation. Motiva ted, de-motivated and a motivated students have different perceptions. Their perceptions are responsible to for their attitudes.

Lean in Nissan UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lean in Nissan UK - Assignment Example 201). In order to obtain maximum benefits of the market and the target audience, it is ideal for companies in this industry to focus of exploitation of the global market with the aim of increasing the total revenues and profit levels at the end of the financial year (Meredith, 2012, p12). Performance is determined by market share or coverage in that organizations that have significant market share possess higher chances of addressing the needs and preferences of their targeted audiences across the globe. The industry also focuses on meeting of standards and quality determinants in relation to performance of the company (Medinilla, 2012, p17). Qingdao Haier faces stiff competition from four vital companies within the Motor vehicle industry across the globe. These four crucial competitors within the appliances industry include Ford Motor Company (United States), Benz and Toyota (China). These organizations thrive on extensive market coverage or share thus a reflection of large consumer base. The organizations also thrive in their approaches of invading global market with the aim of maximizing benefits of opportunities and options available at their disposal. These mentioned organizations enjoy dominance within the industry because of practicing of diversity in relation to their products thus the ability to segment their markets (Kanji, 1995, p66). Segmentation of the market depends on the geographical locations, age, economic status, and climatic conditions. The weaknesses of the company rest on their inability to exploit difficult opportunities prior to the exploration of easy options in the global market (Murch, 2004, p34). Buyers in the in company purchase their goods through different methods. One of the common methods of procurement within the company is through order and delivery approach. This approach requires the buyer to evaluate the need and quality of the Vehicle and then place an order with the Nissan Company within the Motor vehicle industry. The ne xt approach is to purchase its products through sub-branches. This entails visiting of stores to procure the needed product with reference to the financial status of the buyer and the need for the Motor (Cooke, 2010, p22). The market in which The Nissan Company is operating in has the ability to fulfill the demands of segmentation. From the perspective of the organization, it is ideal to practice diversity in the presentation of goods and services to the market or targeted audiences (Panneerselvam & Senthilkumar, 2010, p66). Despite the essence of diversity facing criticism in UK, the organization has the ability to segment the market. This is through practicing what consumers view as specialization in the operation market. In illustrations of the segmentation of the market, the organization participates in the provision of numerous Motor vehicle services such as spare parts (Goodpasture, 2010, p34). The organization has the ability to meet the demands of consumers in relation to th e segmentations in the market. This is essential towards quantification of the market segments in valuation of the revenue levels at the end of the financial year. Quantification of the market segments is evident in the motor vehicle industry that constituted 70 percent of the total revenue of the organization of about $ 12.1 billion in 2004. (Littek & Charles, 1995, p56) One of the requirements for success in the Company is the ability to control the market through large market share. This ensures that the organization

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Business Strategy - Essay Example gn competition, accelerating technology, automation, population decentralization, expansion, and innovation will spur the appearance of this new marketing form (NINTENDO Home Page 2009). The application of computer technology and the use of new analytical techniques have added greatly to the efficacy of planning activities suing such tools as critical paths, input-output analysis, payoff matrices, decision trees, linear programming, and simulations. In price category, Nintendo proposes low prices in contrast to competitors so the company attracts millions of users around the world (Bresnahan, 2001). For Nintendo, the decision as to whether or not to enter this stage and pursue rapid growth may be influenced by the business leader wanting to make more money, desiring to lead a large business or perhaps for the status. Alternatively it could be driven by the demands of the customers who may want to put more trade with the business and who might take their trade elsewhere if the business cannot respond (NINTENDO Home Page 2009). As such, the Internet and PCs industry enables Microsoft to pursue a low-price strategy while maintaining profitability. There are industries in which this is already proving possible: indeed, in some sectors we are starting to see wholesale migration from physically based methods of doing business to virtual methods. The reasons for such a rapid increase are obvious: the target market of the affluent young (often men) fits well with the demographics of the Internet; regular surfers on the Internet are highly likely also to hold stocks and shares. Finally, the speed with which the transaction can be completed is far quicker than that using the traditional methods. This creates new unlimited opportunities for Microsoft and its new products (Terdiman, 2009). In video game industry, barriers to entry are high because of nearly monopolistic position of such giants as Microsoft and Nintendo. There are some clear forces of change motivating the

HCM367-0801B-01 The Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Discussion Essay

HCM367-0801B-01 The Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Discussion Board - Essay Example of physicians, nurses and para-medics, and our health plan which provides medical and health care to thousands of patients, and group health plans which assist thousands of employees in various firms and their families is witness and testimony to the goodwill Vitruvian enjoys. Our involvement in the medical field makes it obligatory for us to pursue excellence while providing the healing touch. Our principles and policies have been established and nurtured over the years which speak for themselves on the course we have chosen in spite of difficulties and hurdles that came our way. There is no question of any deviation on issues concerning our vision and mission. As has always been the case, we will continue to involve in the best practices, attract the best medical professionals, follow the best ethical and business standards, and provide the most effective care and services to society at large for the mutual benefits of our patients as well as our staff and partners. Medical treatment and practices have existed since the foundation of the world. A great amount of faith and fellowship blended with the line of treatment that Dr Montenegro espoused and demonstrated. It challenged the modern day often misinterpreted belief that the best medical treatment can be found only in technologically advanced facilities. Many times these advanced facilities are resorted to even when simpler ones would have sufficed. Nevertheless, the scope to harness the best in technology does exist. As is the case in the medical fraternity the world over, and keeping in view the tremendous potential in the medical technology of the day, it is imperative that we have access to the best medical treatment and facilities for the mutual benefit of our patients and our organization, as and when required. The guiding principles enshrined in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) will continue to be operational in the future as it is so now. Any changes or modifications required in the days ahead

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care Analysis of how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Imran Table of Contents (Jump to) Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) References Case Study 1 Task -1 Explain how existing legislation and sector skills standards influence organizational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of bob and other service users in similar situations. Also analyse how organizational system and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service (AC 2.1 and 2.2) 2.1 Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Answer: In the given case Mr Bob Small is a individual with profound deaf (God Bless him) and he is out of work due to sickness related stress. He has got diabetic, suffererred stroke. His physical condition is such that he is not in a position of communicating with general people. Only someone has knowledge in communicating him with sign language can communicate. Or if he needs to go out and mix with others he needs someone who can help him for doing this for him. This is how he would have felt better, mix with other people. In addition when any individual is not physically well they do not feel like communicating with others. Doctors also suggest to take rest. However, as someone is not deaf or not able to speak or has problem with any other physical condition they can communicate their problem which does not happen for physically disadvantaged people. They need care and support from others. Legislation and national service standards: Care Standards Act and relevant current legislation including that for health and safety; Care Standards Commission, inspection processes Following describes a situation of Mr. Small on different issues: Goals of need Desired Outcome Ways of achieving it Who is responsible Time Scale Regular support Mr. Smalls day to day activities is smooth Regular support Government Regular Support in communication Mr Small can communicate with others Therapy Government Until he learns to communicate Encourage Mr. Small to communicate with others Mr Small is communicating with others Motivation Government Until he is comfortable to communicate Treatment Mr small is feeling better GP, Hospital treatment NHS Until he is well Loneliness Mr Small has companion in different times Mixing with people Government Regular Organizational system and processes are there to help anyone in the situation of Mr Small. Followings are the activities can be initiate to encourage individual to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service 2.2 Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Answer Organization system and processes can promote Mr Smalls participation and independence or anyone like him who uses the service of social care by (Richards, 1996): 1. Ensuring the performance of the workers who will provide their service are up to the high standard and professional. They do their work in sincerely so that individuals with similar problem can find it motivating to mix with other. The social worker also can help the individual needs care with learning and showing how to communicate and mix with other. This will help to build their confidence for long time. 2. Organizations can provide the information about the individual needs care. Information will help the social worker and other related parties to decide what sort of service and care is needed by the service seeker 3. The organization system and processes can empower the social worker to take decision about the individual in need. So that in terms of the situational issues they can work accordingly. However there has to b enough safety steps and also the person providing social care has to be expert and professional in the job who has detail understanding of handling similar individuals. Case Study 2 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Answer In case Ms. Jean Barlow following factors may affect the self medicate: In case of Ms Barlow she was a confident person but her confidence is shaken in 7 months hospital stay. She became nervous and less like to prove her confidence again immediately. Thus she needs a regular support Ms Jean Barlow usually was independent however her situation in the hospital caused her to be dependant. Which is a big factor for Ms. Barlow to affect her self medication Usual nurse support and staffing also play good part of for Ms. Jeans medication. If she is offered support nurse this may vary. Reason being service is not the same for all individual. It varies thus she may receive variety of service in this movement when she needs support. Level dependence also plays a good role in case of persons like Ms Barlow. It can be seen that she needs more support in the initial stages however she is coping with the situation and learning to manage things by herself as much as possible slowly. Health condition of Ms Barlow is also very important. When her health will improve her confidence will also improve. Thus in addition to the social care service it is highly important that she gets proper medication so that her medical condition is getting proper care to improve in time. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Answer In case of situation like Ms Barlow there are following risks if not proper care are given. Steps to minimize the risks are also mentioned in the following table Risks involved What can be done to avoid the risks Losing confidence for longer period Enough measures and confidence building activities and mental support needs to be there to avoid this and help her recovering slowly Not have proper medication in time Train and show her how and when to what medicine. Be with her a for a while to show everything. Nervous breakdown There has to be continuous support and mental strength so that she does not reach such stage Never learn properly to be on her own By encouraging her to mix with others. So that she knows that she can manager is very important Forget full and lead to sever disease There has to be training and care so that she can practice to increase her memory Increased anxious person There can be medicine to mitigate her anxiousness. But more than that there has to be constant moral and physical support so that she does not reach such situation. Consider the results of the risk assessment and in writing accept the adequacy of the systems security, i.e., accept the residual risk and the selection of cost-effective controls. Commit to performing on-going, periodic risk management Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Answer According to NCBI (2001) self medication is a very important and increasing area of healthcare in the UK. It has the following advantage according to the report of NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000): It helps Jean to be self confident It will help Jean to learn how to manage herself and see the result of managing herself with proper medication and feel better With a bit of clinical training by the support worker Jean will be able to manager her, light, medical issues, by herself Ms J Barlow will have more empowerment on herself and will also learn to take her own decision If there is any issue of minor illness Jean will not be panicked or anxious In the NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000) report following disadvantages are there in self medication: Jean may take wrong medicine unintentionally There may be mistake by Jean about the dose. She may take more or less and about the timing as well. If Jean cannot remember when she needs to and when actually does take medicine she may take more or less number and quantity of the medicine These can lead to health risk and also the risk of losing her confidence further on herself. Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Answer Ms J Barlow should definitely be encourage for self medication undoubtedly. Reasons are She needs to learn how to manager herself for the long time and always She must have her confidence back on herself. This is not only to reduce cost of social care on her but also to make Jean as a normal human being Jean must not be in a satiate where she is alone but very anxious. If she knows how to handle herself alone she will be strong in any satiation However above all the benefits there can be risk of doing that. Thus to avoid any risk proper initiatives has to be there so that it can sure that at least she knows what to do and how to seek help in case of severe situations. Her confidence needs to be built before she is on her own for the medication. Case Study 3: Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Answer Following measures can be taken to help Mr. H with his food Mr H can be encouraged to cook on his own with continuous supervision from begging to end There has to be regular observation of his behaviour and someone knowledgeable and friendly, according to Mr H, has to be with him while he is cooking Otherwise Mr H can be provided with the food he wants Mr. H can also be discussed the benefit and the issues of the other food recommended by the dietician. But this has to be done in a time when Mr H is in proper mood Mr H can be constantly remind about things while he is cooking and also regarding his meal Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Answer: Safety is a vital issue for anyone. Specially when there is special medical care there is a increased need to be vigilant, observant of any risk of safety. Following things can be done so that Mr H can cook his meal safely and that does not hamper safety of others Someone has good relationship or rapport with Mr H should be there while he is cooking Someone knowledgeable will be there while he cooks so that the carer can identify the risk issue immediately and can take safety initiative The carer can encourage Mr H to behave normally and give the confidence the process can be done smoothly in a proper manner from the very beginning to end Mr H has right to learn to manage things on his own. Thus the carer must take care of that All the risky apparatuses should be kept in a place where Mr H cannot reach easily after finished using those Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Answer: Agency must develop (SCEI, 2000), implement, and maintain a risk management/assessment program to ensure that appropriate safeguard measures are taken. Analysis of effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks goes below: It is effective in the sense that it can handle both medical and physical situation of the social care service seeker It is safe for service seeker and providing officer It is vast and wide to cover all the health and security related issues while providing service It is effective overall Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Answer: For this answer I will choose Dignity Care UK (2008). I will analyse their codes of practices, which is line with existing legislation in residential home (Miller, 1996): The support and care has to be effective, with care and professional Centre must not work with non-trained carer Centre must regularly monitor the situation of care providing by the carer staffs There has to be evidence before taking any action, if necessary, against carer There has to be regular supply of proper care to the individual needs help Centre must appoint assessors who can assess the caring situation and environment on a regular basis There will be proper and regular supervision and assessment The carer must to be qualified and fit for the job according to criteria of the organization The carer must maintain accurate record whenever necessary so that it can be evaluate later with senior staffs Explain the legislation, guidance, codes of practice and policy that apply to the handling of medication Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Answer Aim of the policy of Dignity Care (2008) are Ensure that proper care are given to the individuals or advice seeker. There has to be good management of the situations of the clients, proper care for their medicines and health issues whenever necessary The policy is in line with National Service Framework for Older People, Commission for Social Care Inspection Professional Guidance for the Administration and Management of Medicines and the National Minimum Care Standards. There is a good standard of care set by the organization and it is followed always on regular basis Promote and maintain independence by advising service users about safety issues on their own medicine handling Encourage patients to be self sufficient whenever applicable Follow the rules of the UK legislation Continuous development of the service of the care worker Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Answer: Communication helps social care providers to provide the best health service. This is very important. Communication is not in the sense of verbal discussion but also covers communicating with patients whatever forms it takes to do that. Following is the analyse how effective communication can be used effectively to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care: Understand the right way of communication with different type of care seekers Follow the rules and regulations of the care providing agency so that a professional standards are met There has to be enough room and encouragement to the care service providers to give feedback to their agency office so that if there is change of carer same level of service is provided. It does not make any different for the care receivers Carer has to have the knowledge of policy of the organization Carer has to have the knowledge of legal requirements to communicate with the service seekers Carer must be trained properly to communicate with different types of care seekers Carer must understand the needs of development of his/ her communication with the care seeker. So that s/he can develop accordingly with the help of their head office Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) Answer In case of Mr H there is a room for loss of independence and non participation and exclusion from the society (Denham, 1997). Following issues can contribute to that (NCBI, 2001): Lack of communication ability with others Lack of ability to mix with others Lack of self control Health condition. Poor health condition leaves less room for the care seeker to think about other issues. Thus if Mr H is in good health he will feel good talking and mixing with others Change of carer. If there is always new carer comes to serve Mr H he may not feel comfortable equally with everyone. This may make him down mentally and he may not act the way he should Relationship with the carer. If the relation is not good there will not be any development in terms of providing the best care Shift pattern of the carer may not be as comfortable for the care seeker which may cause insecurity in his mind and make him dependants Anxiousness of the Mr H is also contribute to the fact that he is becoming less independent Mr Hs confidence level may contribute to the fact of being self confident. If Mr. Hs development is slow it can also cause insecurity in his mind and make him less able to manage himself. References: Denham M J, Continuing Care for Older People, Nelson Thornes, 1997, ISBN: 0748731822 Miller J, Social Care Practice, Hodder Arnold, 1996, ISBN: 034065516X Richards J, Caring for People A Lifespan Approach, Nelson Thornes, 1999, ISBN: 0748739009 Toft C, Care and Registered Manager’s Award at S/NVQ Level 4, Hodder Arnold, 2003, ISBN: 0340876050 http://www.dignityincare.org.uk/_library/Regional_Model_of_Good_Practice_Policy_for_Medication_-_Reviewed_08.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735659 accessed on March 29, 2014 http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h1462e/h1462e.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://arcuk.org.uk/publications/files/2011/03/Active-Support-Handbook.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide17/files/guide17.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 1

John Fowles The Collector Essay -- essays research papers

John Fowles' The Collector John Fowles gives one a glimpse into insanity in, The Collector. A lonely, single man comes into some money, and suddenly his fantasies can become reality. He collects butterflies, killing them and posing them in little glass plates. Is he evil? It is hard to say, and as one reads the lines are blurred and morals questioned. Is that which is wrong always done with bad intentions?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frederick, the main character, is in love with a beautiful, young girl who he has never spoken to. They lived in the same town, and occasionally he would see Miranda, the art student, walking about as he looked out of windows from home and from work. When Fred wins the lottery, he realizes that he will be able to have Miranda, but he does not believe he ...

Natural Resource and Future Generations Justice Essay

Today we will discuss the ethics of conserving depletable resources. Points to be covered in this lesson: †¢ It might appear that we have an obligation to conserve resources for future generations because they have an equal right to the limited resources of this planet. †¢ †¢ Conservation of resources Economic growth vs conservation †¢ †¢ †¢ Future generations have an equal right to the planet’s limited resources By depleting these resources we are depriving them of what is rightfully theirs So we ought to do our utmost to practice conservation †¢ To minimize depletion To avoid violating the rights of future generations However, some of the writers claimed that it is a mistake to think that future generations have rights and there are three main reasons for that: 1. Future generation do not exist right now and may never exist. Since there is a possibility that future generation may never exist, they cannot â€Å"possess† rights. 2. If future generations did have rights, then we might be led to the absurd conclusion that we must sacrifice our entire civilization for their sake. 3. We can only say that someone has a certain right only if we know that he or she has a certain interest, which that right protects. The purpose of a right, after all, is to protect the interests of the right-holder, but we are virtually ignorant of what interests future generation will have. Justice to Future Generations †¢ John Rawls that while it is unjust to impose disproportionately heavy burdens on present generations for the sake of future generations, it is also unjust for present generations to leave nothing for future generations. What do you mean by the word Conservation? Utilitarian Analysis also favors this theory: Each generation has a duty to maximize the future beneficial consequences of its actions and to minimize their future injurious consequences for succeeding generations, as well as themselves. However, utilitarians have claimed, these future consequences should be â€Å"discounted† in proportion to their uncertainty and to their distance in the future. Unfortunately, we cannot rely on market mechanisms to ensure that scarce resources are conserved for future generations. The market registers only the effective demands of present participants and the actual supplies presently being made available. William Shepherd and Clair Wilcox explained six reasons for the heavy discounting or â€Å"live for today† character of markets endangered species; that we should take steps to ensure that the rate of consumption of fossil fuels and of minerals does not continue to rise; that we should cut down our consumption and production of those goods that depend on nonrenewable resources; that we should recycle nonrenewable resources; that we should search for substitutes for materials that we are too rapidly depleting. Economic Growth? However, to many observers conservation measures fall far short of what is needed. Several writers have argued that if we are to preserve enough scarce resources so that future genera- tions can maintain their quality of life at a satisfactory level, we shall have to change our economies substantially, particu-larly by scaling down our pursuit of economic growth Others argue that economic systems will have to abandon their goal of steadily increasing pro-duction, and put in its place the goal of decreasing production until it has been scaled down to â€Å"a steady state†- that is, a point at which â€Å"the total popula-tion and the total stock of physical wealth are maintained constant at some desired levels by a ‘minimal’ rate of maintenance throughout (that is, by birth and- death rates that are equal at the lowest feasible level, and by physical pro-duction and consumption rates that are equal at the lowest feasible level). †The conclusion that economic growth must be abandoned if society is to be able to deal with the problems of dim inishing resources has been chal-lenged. It is at least arguable that adherence to continual economic ‘growth promises to degrade the quality of life of future generations. The arguments for this claim are simple, stark, and highly controversial. If the world’s economies continue to pursue the goal of economic growth the demand for depletable resources will continue to rise. But since world resources are finite, at some point supplies will simply run out. We can expect a collapse of the major economic institutions (that is, of manufacturing and financial institutions, communication networks, the service industries) which in turn will bring down the political and social institutions (that is, centralized govern- ments, education and cultural programs, scientific and technological development, health care). Living standards will then decline precipitously in the wake of widespread star-vation and political dislocations. Various scenarios for this sequence of events have been constructed, all of them more or less specula- tive and necessarily based on uncertain assumptions. Multiple access: If a resource can be used by several different extractors, then the shared access will inevitably lead the resource to be depleted too fast †¢ For example: several people with straws in the same milkshake, it will be in the private interest of each to suck faster to get the most for themselves Time preferences and myopia: Firms generally have short time horizons †¢ †¢ Under the stresses of competition Apt to give insufficient weight to the demands of future generations Inadequate forecasting: Present users may simply fail to foresee future †¢ Consequences for example: DDT spraying in the 50s no one foresaw that it would build up in the environment with harmful effects Short run tax breaks and other incentives Encourage overly rapid use of resources Resource depletion like pollution, an external cost, not borne directly by the firm . So it’s in the economic self interest of the firm to ignore this cost Special influences: †¢ †¢ †¢ External effects: Distribution: private market decisions are based on existing patterns of wealth and income distribution †¢ †¢ Resource users, in effect, vote with their dollars about what to produce in what amounts so the richer the individual the more say they have in what the market produces Future generations — having as yet no wealth or income — have as yet no â€Å"vote† †¢ Doomsday Scenario †¢ If the present situation continues †¢ Explosive population growth will happen because of The only means of conserving for the future, then, appears to be voluntary policies of conservation. Rawl’s view implies that while we should not sacrifice the cultural advances we have made, we should adopt voluntary or legal measures to conserve those resources and environmental benefits that we can reasonably assume our immediate posterity will need if they are to live lives with a variety of available choices comparable, at least, to ours. This means that we should preserve wild life and †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Declining death rates Relatively stable birth rates World’s economies continue to expand